The Criticisms of John Stuart Mill and Its Applications in...

â€Å"Absolute liberty is the absence of restraint; responsibility is restraint; therefore, the ideally free individual is responsible to himself† - Henry Brooks Adams. There has been great debate, past and present with regards to what constitutes as an individuals liberty. It has been subject to constant ridicule and examination due to violations of civil rights. Freedom, liberty, and independence are all important human rights represented within John Stuart Mill’s On Liberty. In his essay, Mill explores the two dimensions to liberty; individual and social. Carefully he analyzes the variance between the individual and social sphere through freedom of expression, more specifically, freedom of speech. Throughout the novel, he expresses that†¦show more content†¦Also noted by Mill, dating back to centuries ago the minority was heavily protected by the authority. the stronger. â€Å"To prevent the weaker members of the community from being preyed upon by innumer able vultures, it was needful that there should be an animal of prey stronger that the rest† ( Mill, 2) With that said, Mill’s essay speaks strongly on â€Å"demanding liberty of conscience in the most comprehensive sense, liberty of thought and feeling, absolute freedom on opinion and sentiment on all subjects, practical, or speculative, scientific, moral or theological† (Mill 71) believing that we have the freedom to direct our own destiny. Additionally, Mill also advocates for free speech on the grounds of an individuals safety, more in depth, the physical and emotional safety of a citizen. â€Å"The only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will,is to prevent harm to others†( Mill,8) Here, it is obvious that Mill advocates free speech as long as it doesnt hamper another being. Furthermore, Mill also justifies his belief in free speech on the grounds of ones mental well being stating à ¢â‚¬Å"necessity to the mental well being of mankind of freedom of opinion.( Mill,43) It is apparent that Mill asserts freedom of speech is acknowledged on the basis of an individuals safety, both physical and mental. In addition to Mill’s strong beliefs with liberty and freedom, he deems true a direct correlation betweenShow MoreRelatedJeremy Bentham and John Stewart Mill1712 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Æ' Bentham/ J.S Mill â€Å"According to Jeremy Bentham’s ‘principle of utility,’ actions are right when they increase happiness and diminish misery.† (Bentham, pg. 101) With this, Bentham is described as a â€Å"hedonistic utilitarian,† meaning his theoretical objectives consist of the pursuit of happiness/pleasure and the avoidance of pain. Hedonists also believe in quantifying happiness. Bentham developed the formula of the â€Å"calculus of felicity†(hedonistic calculus) in order for one to â€Å"analyze an act inRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Justices : What Is The Right Thing Essay1540 Words   |  7 Pageshave a profound understanding of justice. In the book Justices: What Is The Right Thing To Do? Michael J. 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Weigh the pros and cons, and describe your process of weighing the pros and cons. A West

Disaster and emergence management program Free Essays

Disaster Management can be defined as the administration and organization of responsibilities and resources for dealing with all human centered aspects of emergencies, in particular preparedness, action and recovery in order to reduce the effect of disasters. A disaster can be described as an abrupt, calamitous event that severely cut off the functioning of a society or community and results in material,economic and human or environmental losses. We will write a custom essay sample on Disaster and emergence management program or any similar topic only for you Order Now Disaster and emergence management program. This essay focuses on the overall idea of how to manage effectively disasters and emergence cases on a national level so as to minimize losses to people and property. The main objective is to reduce the outcome of the disaster on people,the environment and property. To effectively control events,stop escalation and rehabilitate the affected persons or population in order to speed up recovery. In order for this objective to be archived several measures have to be undertaken and strictly implemented. Being prepared for emergencies is of paramount importance since disaster can strike quickly and without warning. Four major steps need to be followed so as to come up with a comprehensive plan that will tackle disasters and emergencies effectively. First of all is the issue of putting in place appropriate public policies and plans that either adjust the repercussions of disasters or lessen their effects on people, property, and infrastructure. This will include proper installation of a coordination,organization and command structure along with efficient competent and capable personnel. In order to reduce the effects of inescapable disasters measures such as carrying out vulnerability analyses updates, following the laid out building codes and regulations,setting up preventive health care and public education have to be set. All these measures have to be integrated in the national and regional development planning and its proficiency will rely on the accessibility of information on hazards,sudden risks and countermeasures to be taken. These plans are put in place in anticipation of a disaster . The second step is to set up preparedness plan in order to achieve a reasonable level of readiness to counter any emergency situation through programs that reinforce the technical and managerial capacity of organizations, communities and governments. These measures can be described as logistical preparedness to deal with disasters and can be elevated by having response mechanisms and procedures, practice performances, developing long-term and short-term procedures, public education and installing early warning systems. Preparedness can also take the form of ensuring that strategical reserves of water, food, medicines, equipment, and other fundamentals are maintained in cases of national or local calamity. During the preparedness phase, organizations, individuals and governments,build up plans to save lives, reduce disaster damage, and strengthen disaster response operations. Preparedness measures include preparedness procedures; emergency exercises/training; warning tactics; emergency communications machinery; evacuations procedures and training; resource inventories; emergency personnel/contact lists; collective aid agreements; and public education. The third step is the human centered action and it normally involves the humanitarian agencies which are often called upon to deal with instant response and recovery. To be able to act effectively, these agencies must have well versed leaders, competent personnel, sufficient transport and logistical support, pertinent communications, and guidelines for carrying out emergencies. If the needed preparations have not been made, the humanitarian agencies will not be able to handle the imminent needs of the people. There is also the issue of response which aims at providing instantaneous assistance so as to maintain life,encourage the morale of the affected community and enhance health Such contribution may range from providing specific but limited aid, such as helping refugees with transport, impermanent shelter, and food, to establishing temporary settlement in camps and other locations. It also may involve primal repairs to damaged substructure. The main focus of this step is to meet the basic needs of the population until more lasting and sustainable solutions can be established. Ashman, John. (1995. ). The final stage of the disaster management plan is the recovery stage. As the emergency is brought under manageable levels, the affected population is notable of embarking on an increasing number of activities targeted at restoring their lives and the substructure that helps them. There is no particular point at which instant relief changes into recovery and then into long-term bearable development. There will be numerous opportunities during the recovery period to enhance anticipation and increase readiness, thus lessening vulnerability. Ideally, there should be a smooth change over from recovery to on-going development. Recovery activities go on until all systems are back to normalcy or better. Recovery plans, both long and short term, include returning crucial life-support systems to minimal operating standards; semi-permanent housing; public information; adequate health and safety education; rebuilding; counseling programs; and economic effect studies. Information resources and services include data collection and review related to reconstruction, and documentations of lessons acquired. Ashman, John.(1995. )Feinstein, R. (1989/90, 5(1) ). The capacity of human resource involved in a disaster management program especially on a national level can not be quantified. There are numerous stakeholders that are involved and must be integrated for it to be a success such as decision makers,policy makers, professionals ,administrators, (architects, engineers and others at various levels) financial institutions (banks,house financing institutions, insurance,) and NGOs and voluntary organizations. The same applies to financial and material resources which are vast. In the case of finances professional accountants should be involved so that they can clearly evaluate th possible extent of financial damage resulted by different types of disasters including the verification of estimates and valuation of disaster affected assets. They evaluate the different options of coping with disaster from the financial perspective and advise, devise and evaluate different procedures for assuring that resources would be available for disaster mitigation at the right time and place needed. The accountants should also advise on alternative strategies for post-disaster management and rehabilitation with specific regard to assuring financial security to the affected, availability and proper use of financial resources for bringing forth new economic opportunities etc. Institute of Education, Library and Media Services,(June 1996. ) How to cite Disaster and emergence management program, Essays

Evaluate Success of Your Website

Question: Discuss about the Evaluate Success of Your Website. Answer: Introduction: To identify and engage talented volleyball players and open up professional opportunities for them in the topflight professional leagues To profile players and their achievements in order to motivate them to explore their talents optimally and perform better To help the client generate traffic and use the site for sports related adverts To evaluate a website success, one needs to consider the various metrics. They include: Page views this tracks the number of people who viewed the content on the website Video views tracks and displays the number of people who viewed a video on a website such as players engaging in a match. Achievable using YouTube Insights or other hosts specializing in video (Hawes, 2017). Sharing metrics these show the number of people sharing a websites content through share buttons and links from Facebook, Google+, Twitter etc Comments by readers on a website. This is achievable through comment system such as Disqus. Time spent on pages measures how long a visitor hangs out on a page (Wahhab, 2016). Target audience Volleyball fans Young people to help them grasp what is volleyball Volleyball hobbyists and researchers Advertisers and financiers/sponsors References Hawes, T. (2017). 5 Ways To Evaluate The Success of Your Website. HostGator Blog. Retrieved 6 April 2017, from https://www.hostgator.com/blog/5-ways-evaluate-success-website/ Wahhab, G. (2016). 6 Metrics Every Successful Website Needs To Track. Square2marketing.com. Retrieved 6 April 2017, from https://www.square2marketing.com/blog/6-metrics-every-successful-website-needs-to-track

Woman in Public Administration free essay sample

This area has experienced quite a lot of trivialization by male colleagues not only in Nigeria but also worldwide. It is important to state that any nation that ignores half of its population in the public policy process does so at its own peril. The challenge of this neglect has spurred this inaugural lecturer’s interest in the study of women and public administration. This has been zealously pursued from 1985 till date, using social sciences and feminist/gender techniques of analysis in researching issues related to women and public administration. The topic of this inaugural lecture, â€Å"Women: the Neglected Force in Public Administration,† is a product of earlier and ongoing work on issues of women’s marginalization in the public realm. The lecture is divided into six parts, namely: i) Stages of Development in Public Administration. ii) Women and Political Citizenship in Nigeria. iii) Women and the Practice of Public Administration. We will write a custom essay sample on Woman in Public Administration or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page iv) Barriers Hindering Women in the Practice of Public Administration. v) Institutional Environment and Affirmative Policy to Enhance the Status of Women in Public Administration vi) Strategies for Enhancing the Status of Women in Politics and Public Administration Stages of Development in Public Administration Universally governments exist to promote the welfare of the citizenry. Public administration is the vehicle by which governmental goals are achieved. Public administration can be broadly defined as the development, implementation and study of branches of government policy. The ultimate end of public administration is to promote public good by enhancing civil society and social justice. The free encyclopedia (http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/public_ administration) provides a classification of the various stages of generational development of Public Administration. 1. Classical: Plato and Aristotle were the major classical scholars and their works provided benchmarks for subsequent generations of public administration scholars. Before the emergence of a national state, the governors placed emphasis on moral and political dimensions of human nature. Attention was also focused on the structure and organization of the governing body. For example, in Machiavelli’s â€Å"The Prince†, European princes and governors were offered advice on how to administer their governments. This piece of work is one of the major and first western expressions of the methodology of government. As the centuries progressed, scholars and governments continued to explore as well as explain how rulers governed. The development of European imperialism and its military exploits in other continents provided a stimulant for the development of conventional administrative expertise. In response to this need, King Frederick William I of Prussia, created professorates in cameralism. Prussian universities, such as the University of Frankfurt an der Oder and University Hallewere, focused on economic and social discipline, with the goal of societal reform. From western perspective, classic, medieval and enlightened scholars formed the foundation of the discipline of Public Administration. 2. The first generation: This period covered the mid-19th century. Lorenz von Stein, a German Professor is considered as the father and founder of the science of public administration. During this period, public administration was considered a form of administrative law. Lorenz von Stein opined and taught his students that public administration draws its inspiration from disciplines such as sociology, political science, administrative law and public finance. Public administration is conceived by him as an integrative science. Public administrators should be concerned with both theory and practice. Practical operations should be primary in the field, while theory should be the basis of its best practices. Finally, von Stein concludes that public administration is a science because knowledge is generated and evaluated according to the scientific method. During the same period, particularly in the United States of America, Woodrow Wilson is considered as father of public administration. His 1887 article entitled â€Å"The Study of Administration,† sets the pace for rigorous study of public administration using scientific principles. According to Woodrow Wilson, it is the object of administrative study to discover what government can properly and successfully do, and secondly, how it can do these proper things with utmost efficiency (Wilson 1887). Wilson’s influence was much more pervasive to the study of public administration than von Stein’s because of his 1887 article in which he advocated four principles: Separation of politics and administration Comparative analysis of political and private organizations. Improving efficiency with businesslike practices and attitudes toward daily operations. Improving the effectiveness of Public Service through management and by training civil servants. 3. The second generation: This level was dominated by Luther Gulick, Lyndall Urwick, Henry Fayol, Frederick Taylor, Paul Appbleby, Frank Goodnow and William Willoughby. Among the second generation scholars of public administration, the raging debate was the separation of politics and administration debate. While a group supports the politics and administration dichotomy advocated by Woodrow Wilson, other group challenged Woodrow Wilson’s advocacy for separation of politics and administration. In the 1940s, Luther Gulick contended that Wilson’s advocacy of politics/administration dichotomy was impractical. Gulick advocated a â€Å"seamless web of discretion and interaction†. Gulick is regarded as a truly unique administrative scholar who generated a comprehensive and generic theory of organization. Gulick, during his seventy years sojourn in administrative career differentiated his theories from those of his predecessors by emphasizing the scientific method, efficiency, professionalism, structural reform and executive control. Gulick summarized the duties of administrators with the acronym, POSDCORB, which means Planning, Organizing, Staffing, Directing, Co-ordinating, Reporting and Budgeting. Henry Fayol, another second generation scholar, postulated a fourteen-point agenda of professional administrative management. These are division of labour and task specialization, discipline, unity of command and direction, remuneration, order, equity, stability of tenure, initiative, hierarchy of authority span of control, unity of purpose, subordination of individual interest to general interest and espirit de corps. In general, the second generation theorists drew upon formal private management for administrative sciences. It was believed by these second generation scholars that a monolithic management theory is possible for practice between the formal private and public sector organizations. A general administrative theory operated in the formal private sector and also be focused on government organizations. 4. Third generation: Politics/administration dichotomy remains the central debate in the mid 1940s among third generation theorists. In addition to this debate on politics/administration dichotomy, government itself came under severe criticism. Government was considered ineffective and inefficient. In America, the failed government intervention in Vietnam as well as corresponding scandals at the home front such as Watergate scandal served as examples of government wastage and corruption. In Africa, scholars such as Ladipo Adamolekun, Robert Ola, M. J. Balogun, G Mutahaba, N. U. Akpan and Adebayo Adedeji focused on the institutions of administration especially the transplanted British and French traditional norms of administration in the former colonial countries. They examined the limitations of borrowed administrative institutions in the newly independent nations of British and Francophone countries. They jettisoned the universal concept of public administration in the light of varied political and socio-cultural contexts. Issues of civil and political management in Africa including Nigeria were objects of their writings. . The fourth generation: In the late 1980s, there emerged another generation of public theorists which began to propound another theory to displace the third generation. They propounded a new model of public administration entitled ‘Public Management’. Proponents are David Osborne and Ted Gaebler (Public Administration Review, 1996). I n Africa, scholars such as Dia Mamadou, Joseph Nye, Valerie Zeithama, Mathew Baird and Dele Olowu, like their American counterparts, advocated the use of private sector innovations, resources and organization ideas to improve public sector delivery. In this model, citizens are conceived as customers. This concept of seeing citizens as â€Å"customers† has come under severe criticism. Considering citizens as â€Å"customers† is subject to abuse, as â€Å"customers† are seen as means to an end, rather than an integral part of public policy-making process. In addition, the critics pointed out that citizens are more or less proprietors of government business than private like customers of a business. Under the new public management model, people are economic units and not democratic participants. 6. The fifth generation: In the 1990s the fifth generation scholars focused on citizens’ engagement in the policy process. Citizenship is not considered as an abstract definition as contained in constitutions of different countries. According to existing literature, citizenship is a status bestowed on those who are full members of a community. All who possess the status are equal with respect to rights and duties with which the status is endowed. This definition assists in the understanding of political identity but it ignores the gender dimension of citizenship where justice, entitlement and effectiveness are critical variables. Women and Political Citizenship in Nigeria This inaugural lecturer Olojede (1996) like other fifth generation scholars such as Victoria Mwaka (1996), Maria Nzomo (1996), and Sabah Chraibi (1998) asserts that in practice, women’s rights as citizens are more of denial than their realization. She also asserts that women’s experience of citizenship is treated as a devalued status in relation to men’s citizenship and therefore not feasible in the policy process. In 1986, this inaugural lecturer in an article entitled, â€Å"Women, Power and Political System† (Olojede, 1986) asserted that women’s citizenship in post-independent Nigeria is ineffective in the political sphere, contrary to pre-colonial experience. A cursory observer of Nigeria’s political history is likely to conclude that women are insignificant in the political process. Historians have contributed to this partial view through inaccurate accounts of political organization in pre-colonial societies. But women in pre-colonial Nigeria were not entirely powerless as erroneously perceived. Historical records are a testimony to this contention, although these accounts have been dismissed as mythological by men. Undoubtedly, it cannot be denied that pre-colonial Nigeria is essentially patriarchal. Women nevertheless had access to political participation through a complex and sophisticated network of relationships, rights and control of resources. Women’s political power varies from one society to another. In some societies, women shared equal power with men, while in others their roles were complementary or subordinate.

Tang Dynasty1 essays

Tang Dynasty1 essays The fall of the Sui in the early 17th century led to a new power, one that revolutionized the social and empirical structure. At its height, the Tang Empire stretched from what is now Manchuria in the northeast into what is now Vietnam in the southwest. Building on the reunification of northern China and the southern China by the Sui dynasty. The Tang Empire established a strong, centralized state system, which brought together the aristocratic clans of all regions, finally ended four centuries of division between northern and southern China. The Tang dynasty was a time of great prosperity, many religions such Buddhism, and Daoism (Taoism), and the literature, scholarship, and arts of the Confucian flourished. The Tangs capital took place in Changan, which became one of the richest and most populous cities in the world, with two million people living there. The Tang dynasty was the time of great inventions, great poets, technologies, which not only influenced China itself in th e future, but Asia as a whole. Although Li Yuan founded this incredibly long-lived powerful dynasty, ruled as Emperor as Gaozu, but the real powers were in the hands of his son, Li Shih-min. Who later came to power, and assumed the title Tai-tsung. He was an energetic emperor and was determined to solve the internal problems that had destroyed past dynasties. He recreated the Chinese government. At the top of the hierarchy was the emperor; below his were three administrations; Council of the state, Military Affairs, and the Censorate. The most import of these three administrations was the council of the state, which drafted policy, reviewed policy, and implemented policy. The military affairs directed the military under the control of the emperor. The censorate watched over the government and government officials to prevent misgoverning, and corruption. This System that Tai-tsung had brilliantly came up with, led to the res...

Word Choice Hoard vs. Horde - Proofeds Writing Tips Blog

Word Choice Hoard vs. Horde Word Choice: Hoard vs. Horde Although they may sound the same when spoken, hoard and horde have distinct meanings. As such, mixing them up in your writing will look bad. But you can avoid confusion by learning their definitions and usage. Hoard (A Stockpile) The word hoard can be used as either a verb or a noun. As a verb, hoard means to accumulate and store a stockpile of something for future use. This will usually be something valuable and therefore closely guarded, such as a hoard of treasure: The mad king hoarded gold, determined to keep it all to himself. Sometimes, hoarding has a negative meaning, especially if the thing being hoarded is considered worthless or unpleasant: The old man would hoard old newspapers, keeping them in his basement. We can also use hoard as a noun to refer to a stockpile that has been collected and guarded. We would use it in a sentence like this: The pirate returned to the hidden cave to retrieve his hoard of stolen booty. Horde (A Mob or Crowd) Horde is a noun meaning a large group or crowd. It originally described nomadic warrior tribes, but it is now more commonly used to refer to large, rowdy groups of people: A horde of drunken baseball fans crowded onto the subway carriage. As well as describing groups of people, we can apply horde to swarms or packs of animals, especially wasps, mosquitoes, and other flying insects: A horde of mosquitoes ruined the picnic. Remember not to confuse horde with herd in this context, as herd is simply the group name for hoofed mammals. Hoard or Horde? Although these terms sound similar, theyre different enough in meaning that it should be easy to tell them apart. Remember: Hoard (verb) = To collect or stockpile something Hoard (noun) = A collection or stockpile Horde (noun) = An unruly mob If you would like more advice about word choice, or to have a 500-word sample of your work proofread for free, get in touch with the professionals at Proofed today!

Human reasoning and Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human reasoning and Education - Essay Example Human reasoning and Education An ideal childhood can lead to an ideal person. A sound body and a sound mind have to be nourished. When all the things permit and when there are no hurdles and when life is a pleasure they can follow the set of standards set globally. As the great leaders say children are the nations future. An ideal childhood is what most of the able parents would provide to their children but what about those who crave for that. So we can say all these things are for the lucky few and most of population of poorer countries unlucky. The rich countries are lending a helping hand to poor but the funds don’t reach them instead gulped in between While learning at education institutions like schools, colleges, etc., they learn discipline and other activities. When we saw the scenario of the class pupil will do their work, one is laughing and one is fighting with his/her friend, one says I am feeling hungry, there will be muffled sounds in the class room, they think that is their dream world. They call the teacher they show what they have done in the class. And they expect that teacher should appreciate and encourage them. At this stage they want to learn new things or words from this world, in house parents talk something and the child would start imitating the same words. At this time they feel that they have achieved something, very often they will learn all these. This stage child will have enthusiasm to learn such things, their memory too sharp. Because they don’t have any jealous about others and no wealth problem they don’t worry about the others. Everything is going peacefully in their life.

How is recycling affecting interior design Essay

How is recycling affecting interior design - Essay Example inputs (lowering the consumption of raw materials and energy) and outputs (waste that goes to landfills) of a production system (Letsrecycle.Com 2006). A study by the Technical University of Demark studied 55 products in household rubbish, comparing the effects of burning, burying and recycling them. The results proved that recycling was the most efficient way to do with the waste more than 80% of the times, providing a worthwhile energy savings in comparison with production from raw materials: 95% economy for aluminium, 70% fro plastics and 40 % for paper (Economist 2007). Since 1970s recycling is associated with the notions of sustainable design (also green or ecological design) and sustainable community development. According to Green Supply Line (2007), â€Å"Sustainable design is a comprehensive, holistic approach to creating products and systems that are environmentally benign, socially equitable, and economically viable: environmentally, such that the design offers obvious or measurable environmental benefits; socially, so that it fills the needs of everyone involved in its production, use and disposal or reuse; and economically, so that the design is competitive in the marketplace.† Pellow, Schnaiberg and Weinberg (2000) suggest that recycling has become a model of sustainable community development while it has environmental, economic and social benefits, where economic one plays, perhaps, the crucial role (p.7-8). Today recycling is one of the major requirements of sustainable design and sustainable community development. For instance, Santa Monica Green Building Program names â€Å"recycling of demolition & construction waste in construction contracts† and specification of recycled products per EPA purchasing guidelines among its requirements to materials and envelope and space planning (Santa Monica.org). Recycling, together with efficient reduction and reuse of resources (materials and energy) is underlined as one of the major principles in most of the

Vaunting aloud, but racked with deep despair How does Milton Essay Example for Free

Vaunting aloud, but racked with deep despair How does Milton Essay Milton’s ‘Paradise Lost’ is not only an exploration of classical events detailed in the Bible, but also a development of them. A dangerous feat, considering the dominant hold that religion had on 17th century England, Milton’s epic poem dares to stray away from the literally believed stories of the Bible and delves into the unexplained and unknown. This is most apparent with his focus on Hell and its sovereign Satan, as these two focal points of Book One are, for the most part, unreferenced in the Bible. However, without any previous scriptural guidelines or knowledge to follow, Milton was granted free reign to develop the character of Satan as he wished, and this lead to him being used in a number of ways. As an epic poem, Paradise Lost requires the presence of a tragic hero. According to Aristotle, a tragic hero is a character of noble stature or greatness who experiences a downfall as a result of their own mistakes or flaws. This interpretation of the dramatic role demonstrates Milton’s inability to place God in this position as it would be seen as heresy, and as a result, he could not feature as the focal character of the poem. Therefore Milton required the use of a fallible character to act as the protagonist, so he cast Satan in this position. In satisfying the role of the tragic hero and protagonist in his poem, Milton resultantly had to equip Satan with the necessary tools to fulfil his function as the poems hero. This is seen in the hyperbolic descriptions of his character and attributes as Satan had ‘unconquerable Will’ and ‘courage never to submit or yield. ’ Like the heroes of epics before him, Satan is displayed as possessing characteristics that elevate his nature above the rest of the poems characters, and it is these traits that put him in a position to oppose God. So Milton uses Book One and Satan to establish his protagonist and primary focus of the poem, and although this choice seems insignificant in the grand scheme of the poem, it acts as the stage for the rest of Satan’s acts. Milton’s use of Satan as the elevated hero gives his poem, and more specifically the divine conflict he portrays, more credibility. This is because Milton’s heroic portrayal of Satan elevates him, in the reader’s eyes, to become a threatening opponent to God. Milton’s intention to use Satan in this way is exacerbated when it is considered that Satan in fact translates to ‘the adversary’ in Hebrew. As Sir Walter Raleigh argued ‘His very situation as the fearless antagonist of Omnipotence makes him either a fool or a hero, and Milton is far indeed from permitting us to think him a fool. ’ Raleigh’s argument is justified when the contextual elements are considered, as during the 17th century, religion was an unavoidable feature of everyone’s lives and God was seen as an unquestionable power, which resulted in many fearing him. Therefore, if Milton were to focus his poem on the confrontation and usurp of God’s rule, then he needed a strong character to lead the opposition. Milton’s desire to use Satan in this way is expressed through the character’s own admissions, as Satan, during his numerous speeches not only compares himself to God, but questions his power altogether. Satan states his plan to ‘deifie this power’ as he and his army are ‘in arms not worse, in foresight much advanc’t. ’ This clearly contradicts two believed truths of the time: that of God’s omnipotence and also his omniscience. This is because Satan believes that the army he has assembled before him, comprised of fallen angels, is sufficient to dethrone God and that now, God no longer has surprise in his favour. This suggestion is more subtle than the first but; I believe it conveys a more important point. In Satan’s mind, the only reason that he was initially defeated was due to the fact that he was unaware of the capabilities of God, but now he has experienced the ‘tyranny of Heav’n. ’ In doing this, Milton indirectly challenges the omniscience that was thought to be held by God, as he portrays Satan as having knowledge that exceeds God. Despite this opposition, Milton is careful to ensure he makes Satan fallible, to avoid any heretic readings of his poem. This is achieved through another pivotal feature of a tragic hero, their hubris. This is excessive pride or ambition that ultimately leads to the downfall of the hero. This pride, which is evident throughout the text, clouds Satan’s previous heroic claims and demonstrates to the reader that Satan is in fact not capable of challenging God effectively. This is exemplified on the very first page of the poem, as Satan ‘trusted to have equal’d the most High. ’ Here Milton uses a subtle paradox to convey the flaws in Satan’s character, as it is a logical impossibility to equal what is most high. In doing this, the reader is given the sense that Satan’s pursuit of retribution is futile, and this invokes pathos. This is because Milton’s use of dramatic irony preludes to Satan’s downfall in the poem. It also appears that Satan is somewhat aware of this flaw as well as he is described as ‘Vaunting aloud, but racked with deep despair. ’ The concept that Satan is attempting to conceal his disappointment and ‘despair’ is an inherently human characteristic, and this once again demands pity from the reader. This use of Satan as an object of pity allows Milton to introduce human characteristics to his epic poem, which is a difficulty when it is considered that his setting is beyond human realms. This is an important element for his poem to contain, as it is a necessary measure to engage the reader. So another use of Satan by Milton is to represent and resultantly associate with human characteristics, in an attempt to emotionally engage his reader. By portraying Satan as the most human character in Book One, Milton is able to use him as a vehicle to represent contextual issues. During the 17th century, the monarchy had a firm grip on politics and power, but Milton’s own beliefs and loyalties lay with Cromwell and the republican movement. This political ideology is represented clearly in Satan’s speeches, as he frequently refers to the oppressive nature of heaven. As demonstrated previously, Satan already believed in the ‘tyranny of Heav’n’ and these tyrannous actions are demonstrated by Milton. ‘That Glory never shall his wrath or might/ Extort from me’ is one reference to this idea, and it alludes to the role of the monarchy at the time. This is by suggesting that those with power use it to extort and corrupt. When considered in the context of the time, this can be interpreted as a criticism of the English monarchy, which had to be conveyed subtly in order to avoid treason. So as demonstrated, the use and functions of Satan are not limited to that of the ‘Arch-Enemy. ’ Through his elaborate descriptions, but subtle hints, Milton is able to set-up the epic battle between God and Satan, and in doing this in Book One he is able to effectively engage the reader in his epic poem.

Computer Usage in Schools Essay -- Technology Education Learning Essay

Computer Usage in Schools A computer is, â€Å"a programmable electronic device that can store, retrieve and process data† (Merriam-Webster). This tool once predominately used in homes and offices is making its way into our educational system. Technology is a growing part of our society today. We are beginning to see the use of computers in classrooms more and more. The increase of computer usage in schools, primarily elementary, has enhanced student learning. The study I looked at recognized the importance of technology in education, but then examined teachers’ educational background and knowledge of technology and its effect on their integration of computers and computer software into classroom curriculum. It also researched the impact and effectiveness of such technologies on student learning. Both Alex Pan and Stuart Carroll, the authors of the study, are professors of elementary and early childhood education at the College of New Jersey in Ewing. Alex’s specialty is in the area of the effectiveness of the use of educational technology. So this study was right up their alley. They decided to use a combination of surveys and observation to gather their data. They did a study they call The Magic School Bus Project, in which they selected 45 first- to fifth-grade students from an elementary school in an urban district. All had some experience with computers, but none were familiar with the Magic School Bus Software. 22 college sophomores who were enrolled in the Analysis of Teaching class were also chosen. First, the college students examined and evaluated the Magic School Bus CD-ROMs. They used an evaluation form to rate them based on their own observations and perceptions. Some of thes... ...ne Dictionary. Merriam-Webster, Incorporated. 2003. http://www.m-w.com. Pan, Alex C.; Carroll, Stuart Z. â€Å"Preservice Teachers Explore Instructional Software with Children.† The Educational Forum v. 66 no4 (Summer 2002): 371-9. Sava, Samuel G. â€Å"Electronic Genie: Will Computers Serve Schools, or Run Them?† Vital Speeches of the Day v. 6 no2 (Nov. 1997): 55-57. Sefton-Green, Julian. â€Å"Computers, Creativity, and the Curriculum: the Challenge for Schools, Literacy, and Learning.† Journal of Adolescents and Adult Literacy v. 44 no8 (May 2001): 726-8. Solomon, Gwen. â€Å"Digital Equality: It’s not just about access anymore.† Technology and Learning v. 22 no9 (Apr. 2002): 18-26. Vann, Allan S. â€Å"Debunking Five Myths about Computers in Schools.† Principal (Reston, Va.) v.77 (Jan. 1998): 53. Winans, Dave. â€Å"Techno Hype-or Help?† NEA Today v.15 no4 (Nov. 1996): 4-5.

11th Grade

During the founding of the new nation, the United States, there were a number of influential people who made important decisions based on their various opinions. These people, the founding fathers of the United States, would set examples, ideals, and rules for many leaders to come. Our first president George Washington, our 3rd president Thomas Jefferson, and our first Supreme Court justice John Marshall were all very important and influential individuals. Together, their opinions and ideals helped shape the growth of our nation from domestic policy to the basis of the government’s operation. George Washington was the first president of the United States of America as well as one of its founding fathers. When he resigned from office and gave his farewell address, he stated three of his opinions that would be very influential in the development of the United States. During that farewell address, he addressed two very important issues. First was that the United States of America should remain in the most neutral position possible when it came to foreign affairs (this would be ignored by latter presidents). Second was that no political parties should be formed within the new government. These were significant statements because they helped to shape the foundation and cultural beginnings of the new American government. In addition to his farewell advice, he informally set the presidential term limit to two terms, a tradition which has been upheld to this day with very few exceptions. (Note: FDR was the only president to hold three terms) These opinions were important to him because he believed that they would enable the people to grow together as one strong, unified nation. While his ideals were certainly not held up forever, they allowed us to build up our country before civil war broke out among the southern and northern states. President Thomas Jefferson was also a very important and influential president because of his strong opinions on creating a unifying domestic policy. His opinions about the power given to the president were also important. In one of his most famous moments he said, â€Å"We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists. † This was a very important moment because it demonstrated an emerging American spirit and encouraged one of the ideals instilled by George Washington. By unifying the people of the different parties as â€Å"Americans†, he helped to promote a feeling of unity among the states. This was one of the ideals promoted by George Washington when he warned America not to form political parties; it’s the same issue of unity, just addressed from a different angle. It also helped to calm the growing distress and conflict between the Republican and Federalist parties. Another very important accomplishment that happened when Jefferson was in office was the Louisiana Purchase. While it was significant because it more than doubled the size of the United States, it was also a source of much debate. In the arguments against Jefferson there were many people who believed that the Louisiana Purchase was unconstitutional. Most prominent was whether the President had the power to spend 15 million dollars on a segment of land without the approval of the people (Congress, etc). His choice to spend the money was important because it basically said, â€Å"I’m the president and I have power. † His actions don't directly reflect his stated beliefs in strong state government, but they do illustrate the fact that he often chose the most pragmatic route in his decisions and put the good of the country over his personal beliefs John Marshall, the first Supreme Court justice, was a very influential figure because his beliefs and opinions developed and gave power to the Supreme Court and the judiciary branch for the first time. One of the most important contributions he made for the Supreme Court was the concept of judicial review. After the case of Marbury vs. Madison, the Supreme Court was given the power to review laws, and court cases in order to determine whether a law or case was constitutional. John Marshall also extended the power of the Supreme Court to cover all matters not explicitly mentioned to be governed in the state. In short, he created most of the power that is invested in the Supreme Court today. The most influential of these three men was John Marshall. He was the most influential person because he created a strong judicial branch, something that is essential to the system of checks and balances. Without the power that currently resides in the Judiciary branch of the United States, the government would be an unbalanced system that would be able to create laws between the executive branch and legislative branch without any chance of rulings on constitutionality from the court. For example, in the case of Dred Scott vs. Sanford (a famous case regarding slaves’ Constitutional rights), the Supreme Court struck down several federal laws, including the Missouri Compromise, which was ruled unconstitutional. While most people today wouldn’t agree with the ruling given in Dred Scott, it still shows the power of the judicial system, able to strike down Federal law in accordance with an era’s political and social climate. The separation of powers is one of the most important parts of our government and without it our modern government would not exist in the same definition as it does today.

Exam Marketing Essay

Please put your name and student number (both, in digits and by filling the boxes) on your answer sheet. After finishing the exam you will hand in your answer sheet. Fill in the correct version code at the bottom right of the answer form by filling the correct box. Version 1 Warning against fraud: In the case of fraud the maximum punishment is exclusion from all examinations for one year. Your mobile phone should be switched off and should be put in your bag. Your bag should be closed and placed on the floor to the left of your desk. During the examination you are not allowed to go to the toilet unless the co- rdinating invigilator gives you permission to do so. Tools allowed: pencils, eraser, English-native language dictionary. (no books or notes. ) Specific information on this examination: This exam consists of 60 Multiple Choice Questions with 4 alternatives each. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question, and mark your answers on the answer form by filling the boxes. A computer will read your answers. The result of this examination will be published within 18 working days after the date of this examination. Reviewing the examination: Specific information on procedure and planning will be posted on Blackboard. Good luck with the exam! MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Car rental firms, hair dressers, and management consultants provide goods B) experiences C) events D) services 2) Julia is worried about the rising pollution levels in her city. She doesn’t mind paying extra for goods and services that use sustainable processes to help control A) declining demand B) nonexistent demand C) latent demand D) negative demand 3) Marketers must see themselves as benefit providers. For example, when a shopper purchases new shoes, he/she expects the shoes to cover his/her feet and allow him/ her to walk unobstructed. This is an example of what level in the consumer-value hierarchy? A) pure tangible good B) basic product C) augmented product D) potential product 4) Which aspect of holistic marketing motivates employees and ensures that everyone in the organization embraces appropriate marketing principles, especially senior management? A) relationship marketing B) integrated marketing C) internal marketing D) performance marketing 5) The number of different persons or households exposed to a particular media chedule at least once during a specified time period is known as A) range B) impact C) reach D) frequency 6) A company that seeks to increase its sales and profits through backward, forward, or horizontal integration within the industry is said to be employing a(n) strategy. A) diversification growth B) intensive growth C) integrative growth D) conglomerate growth 7) The is the last section of the marketing plan and spells out the goals and budget for each month or quarter, so management can review each period’s results and take action as needed. A) situation analysis B) marketing strategy C) financial projections D) implementation and controls 2 8) The internal records system supplies results data, but the marketing intelligence system supplies A) internal B) revenue C) thematic D) happenings data. ocial institutions†schools, churches, businesses, and governments; they are very difficult to change. A) Transient B) Secondary C) core D) Variable 10) A company can take several steps to improve the quality of its marketing intelligence. If the company purchases competitive products for study, attends open houses and trade shows, and reads competitors’ published reports and stockholder information, the company is using ntelligence. A) sales-force surrogates B) intermediaries C) external networks D) advisory panels to improve the quality of its marketing 1 1) If the goal of marketing research is to shed light on the real nature of a problem and to suggest possible solutions or new ideas, the research is said to be descriptive B) quantitative C) secondary D) exploratory approach uses concepts and tools from anthropology and other social science disciplines to provide deep cultural understanding of how people live and work. A) Cognitive research B) Archaeological research C) Ethnographic research D) Deductive research llow respondents to answer in their own words and often reveal more about how people think. A) Open-end questions B) Dichotomous questions C) Likert scale questions D) Multiple choice questions 14) The bundle of costs customers expect to incur in evaluating, obtaining, using, and disposing of the given market offering is called the A) activity-based cost B) customer profitability analysis C) total customer cost D) product life-cycle cost 3 15) Field Grocery wants to learn the strengths and weaknesses in customer service at all the Field Grocery stores. Which of the following methods can it use for this? A) roup buyers C) mystery shoppers D) buying agents 16) The aim of customer relationship management is to produce high customer . A) integrity B) loyalty C) innovation D) liability 17) If a marketer decides to segment a market based on neighborhoods, the marketer will have chosen the A) demographic B) psychographic C) geographic D) cultural method of segmentation. 18) If a marketing manager employs such marketing techniques as online buzz, student ambassadors, cool events, and street teams to reach target markets, the manager is most likely appealing to the A) Generation X B) Generation Y C) Silent generation D) Baby boomers market. 19) General Motors, a leading American multinational automaker, sells cars for every purpose, purse, and personality. This is an example of A) undifferentiated B) differentiated C) concentrated D) niche 20) According to the VALS segmentation system, marketing. are considered to be trendy and funloving people who are resource-constrained. They favor stylish products that emulate the purchases of those with greater material wealth. A) strivers B) survivors C) experiencers D) makers 21) Brand B) equity C) preference D) identity is the added value endowed to products and services. A) loyalty 22) According to the brand asset valuator model, which of the components of brand equity measures how aware and familiar consumers are with the brand? A) esteem 4 B) energized differentiation C) relevance 23) The introduction of diet coke by the Coca Cola Company is an example of A) line extension B) brand harmonization C) brand dilution D) co-branding 24) Which of the following terms is most closely associated with the statement: â€Å"attributes or benefits consumers strongly associate with a brand, positively evaluate, and believe that they could not find to the same extent with a competitive brand†? A) points-of-inflection B) points-of-difference C) points-of-parity D) points-of-value 25) are visual representations of consumer perceptions and preferences. A) Procedural maps B) Brain maps C) Perceptual maps D) Procedural models 26) Singapore Airlines is well regarded in large part because of the excellence of its flight attendants. This is an example of differentiation. A) image B) services C) product D) employee 27) When Starbucks introduced its Tazo Tea line to bring in new customers who had never gone to Starbucks because they dont drink coffee, Starbucks was employing a trategy. A) market-penetration B) new-market segment C) geographical-expansion D) niche identification 28) An alternative to being a market follower in a large market is to be a leader in a small market. This type of competitor is called a A) marketing king B) market nicher C) segment king D) guerilla marketer 29) is a slowdown in sales growth because the product has achieved acceptance by most potential buyers. A) Introduction B) Growth C) Decline D) Maturity 5 30) The marketing concept holds that for its products B) customers who are coaxed into buying a product will most likely uy it again C) a new product will not be successful unless it is priced, distributed, and sold properly D) consumers and businesses, if left alone, won’t buy enough of the organization’s products 31) What types of goods are purchased frequently, immediately, and with minimum effort by the consumers? A) specialty goods B) shopping goods C) unsought goods D) convenience goods 32) We define packaging as all the activities of designing and producing the container for a product. This includes up to three levels of material: primary package, secondary package, and B) design package C) shipping package D) consumer package . A) retailer package 33) Which of the following is an example of a hybrid service? A) teaching B) car C) restaurant meal D) soap 34) Services high in have characteristics that the buyers can evaluate before purchase. A) search qualities B) experience qualities C) credence qualities D) privacy qualities 35) Jake had an appointment at the doctor’s, but couldn’t make it on time because he was caught in traffic. By the time he reached the doctor’s office, the doctor had already begun with the next patient. This illustrates the A) variability B) heterogeneity C) perishability D) intangibility f services. 36) Companies who believe that a higher sales volume leads to lower unit costs and higher long-run profits are attempting to A) maximize their market share B) skim the market C) become a product-quality leader D) merely survive in the market 37) In which of the following auctions does the auctioneer first announce a high price for a product and then slowly decreases the price until a bidder accepts? A) an English auction with one seller and many buyers B) an ascending bid auction C) a sealed-bid auction 6 38) A(n) is an extra payment designed to gain reseller participation in special rograms. A) seasonal discount B) allowance C) discount D) quantity discount 39) When is a pull strategy appropriate? A) when there is low brand loyalty B) when consumers are able to perceive differences between brands C) when brand choice is made in the store D) when it is a low involvement purchase 40) Which of the following is an example of a zero-level channel? A) A company takes online orders from customers and ships the products to them. B) A company sells its products through wholesalers and retailers. C) A company sells its products through chains of supermarkets and other large sellers. D) A large company forms alliances with smaller companies to increase sales coverage. 41) A(n) includes the producer, wholesaler(s), and retailer(s) acting as a unified system. A) parallel marketing channel B) vertical marketing system C) internal marketing system D) conventional marketing channel 42) Which of the following types of retailing generally entails the highest costs? A) full-service B) self-service C) limited service D) self-selection 43) Which of the following is an example of a word-of-mouth marketing communication platform? A) chat rooms B) billboards C) factory tours D) incentive programs 4) Which of the following is true for franchisors? A) The franchisor has to pay the franchisee to be part of the franchise system. B) The franchisor licenses the trade mark from the franchisee. C) The franchisor must change its operations to suit those of the franchisee’s. D) The franchisor collects royalty payments from the franchisee. 5) Which of the following is an advantage of using the percentage-of-sales method to determine the marketing communications budget? A) The percentage-of-sales method encourages stability when competing firms spend approximately the same portion of their sales on communications. B) The percentage-of-sales method views sales as the determiner of communications rather than as the result. C) The percentage-of-sales method leads to a budget set by market opportunities rather than the availability of funds. by determining what each product and territory deserves. 46) Which of the following sequences accurately represents the hierarchy-of-effects model of marketing communications? A) attention-interest-desire-action B) awareness-interest-evaluation-trial-adoption C) awareness-knowledge-liking-preference-conviction-purchase D) exposure- reception-cognitive response-attitude-intention-behavior 47) A(n) ppeal is a creative strategy that elaborates on product or service attributes or benefits.

Economies and Diseconomies of Scale Essay Example

Economies and Diseconomies of Scale Essay Example Economies and Diseconomies of Scale Paper Economies and Diseconomies of Scale Paper Case Study 3: Economies and Diseconomies of Scale Name: Course: Date: Case Study 3: Economies and Diseconomies of Scale Question 1 Considering McDonalds size, economies of scale can come from discounts as well as its ability to produce more at a reduced price out of its equipments. Therefore, with a uniform menu, it means that McDonald will be buying the ingredients in large amounts, hence at a cheaper price. Additionally, a uniform menu means that McDonalds will be focusing on the size of output for few products, making production cheaper. Their big kitchens allow for larger equipments and specialized labor, which at higher output would produce at a lower cost per unit than a smaller kitchen without many specialized equipments would (McEachern 2011). Expanding into other countries makes menu planning due to different laws and cultures (McEachern 2011). For instance, it becomes difficult to plan for a menu in India where beef is illegal because cows are worshiped. Thus, the company would have to look for an alternative to beef burgers. In this case, planning the menu is made harder by the cultural beliefs. This makes economies of scale harder to achieve. Question 2 Movie theaters not only show movies, they also sell movies at the concession stand. Therefore, the theater has to have three people, one selling the movies at the concession, another one selling tickets at the entrance while the other one operates the projector. However, if another screen is added to the theater, the same employee can operate without needing an additional workforce (McEachern 2011). Therefore, it allows economies of scale to have multiple screens in a theater, which makes the workers more productive. Additionally, having multi screens will allow two movies to be viewed at the same time, ensuring to sell the greatest number of tickets within a short span of time, as opposed to showing each at one time. On the other hand, the benefits of locating multiscreen theaters at shopping malls it the reduced cost that comes with customers using the same rest rooms, while the construction of another screen may be noticeable. At a shopping mall, the theater can have advertisements that are more noticeable while its costs can be spread over several films, as opposed to one film. This creates economies of scale due to locating several screens in one location (McEachern 2011). References McEachern, W.A. (2011). Economics: A Contemporary Introduction. New York, N.Y: Cengage Learning.

The Environment and Free-Range, Organic, and Local Meat

The Environment and Free-Range, Organic, and Local Meat Meat and other animal products are a serious environmental issue, leading the Atlantic chapter of the Sierra Club to call animal products, a Hummer on a plate. However, free-range, organic, or local meats are not the solution. Free-Range, Cage-Free, Pasture-Raised Meat, Eggs, and Dairy Factory farmers are not animal-hating sadists who confine the animals for fun. Factory farming started because scientists in the 1960s were looking for a way to meet the meat demands of an exploding human population. The only way the U.S. can feed animal products to hundreds of millions of people is to grow grain as an intense monoculture, turn that grain into animal feed, and then give that feed to intensively confined animals. There isn’t enough available land on earth to raise all livestock free-range or cage-free. The United Nations reports that livestock now use 30 percent of the earth’s entire land surface, mostly permanent pasture but also including 33 percent of the global arable land used to produce feed for livestock. Free-range, pasture-fed animals would require even more land on which to feed. They require even more food and water than factory farmed animals, because they are exercising more. To meet the increasing demand for grass-fed beef, South American rainforests are being cleared to produce more pasture for organic, grass-fed beef to be exported. Only 3 percent of the beef produced in the U.S. is grass-fed, and already, thousands of wild horses are displaced by this relatively small number of cattle. The U.S. alone has 94.5 million beef cattle. One farmer estimates that it takes 2.5 to 35 acres of pasture, depending on the quality of the pasture, to raise a grass-fed cow. Using the more conservative figure of 2.5 acres of pasture, this means we need approximately 250 million acres to create grazing pastures for every cow in the U.S. Thats over 390,000 square miles, which is more than 10 percent of all the land in the U.S. Organic Meat Raising animals organically does not reduce the amount of food or water required to produce meat, and the animals will produce just as much waste. Under the National Organic Program administered by the USDA, organic certification for animal products has certain minimum care requirements under 7 C.F.R. 205, such as access to the outdoors, shade, shelter, exercise areas, fresh air, and direct sunlight (7 C.F.R. 205.239). Manure must also be managed in a manner that does not contribute to contamination of crops, soil, or water by plant nutrients, heavy metals, or pathogenic organisms and optimizes recycling of nutrients (7. C.F.R. 205.203) Organic livestock must also be fed organically produced feed and cannot be given growth hormones (7 C.F.R. 205.237). While organic meat does offer some environmental and health benefits over factory farming in terms of residue, waste management, pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers, the livestock do not consume less resources or produce less manure. Animals raised organically are still slaughtered, and organic meat is just as wasteful, if not more wasteful, than factory farmed meat. Local Meat We hear that one way to be eco-friendly is to eat locally, to reduce the amount of resources required to deliver food to our table. Locavores strive to build their diet around food produced within a certain distance from their home. While eating locally might reduce your impact on the environment, the reduction is not as great as some might believe and other factors are more important. According to CNN, an Oxfam report titled, Fair Miles - Recharting the Food Miles Map, found that the way in which food is produced is more important than how far that food is transported. The amount of energy, fertilizer, and other resources used on the farm may have more environmental significance than the transportation of the final product. Food miles are not always a good yardstick. Buying from a small, local conventional farm may have a greater carbon footprint than buying from a large, organic farm thousands of miles away. Organic or not, the larger farm also has the economy of scale on its side. And as a 2008 article in The Guardian points out, buying fresh produce from halfway around the world has a lower carbon footprint than buying local apples out of season that have been in cold storage for ten months. In The Locavore Myth, James E. McWilliams writes: One analysis, by Rich Pirog of the Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture, showed that transportation accounts for only 11% of foods carbon footprint. A fourth of the energy required to produce food is expended in the consumers kitchen. Still more energy is consumed per meal in a restaurant, since restaurants throw away most of their leftovers... The average American eats 273 pounds of meat a year. Give up red meat once a week and youll save as much energy as if the only food miles in your diet were the distance to the nearest truck farmer. If you want to make a statement, ride your bike to the farmers market. If you want to reduce greenhouse gases, become a vegetarian. While buying locally produced meat will reduce the amount of fuel needed to transport your food, it does not change the fact that animal agriculture requires an inordinate amount of resources and produces a great deal of waste and pollution. Tara Garnett of the Food Climate Research Network stated: There is only one way of being sure that you cut down on your carbon emissions when buying food: stop eating meat, milk, butter and cheese... These come from ruminants- sheep and cattle- that produce a great deal of harmful methane. In other words, it is not the source of the food that matters but the kind of food you eat. All things being equal, eating locally is better than eating food that has to be transported thousands of miles, but the environmental advantages of locavorism pale in comparison with those of going vegan. Lastly, one can choose to be an organic, vegan locavore to reap the environmental benefits of all three concepts. They are not mutually exclusive.

Louise Bourgeois Suspension art show and write an essay about Louise

Louise Bourgeois Suspension art show and write an about Louise Bourgeois current exhibition - Essay Example ’s marble sculptures, of the 1990s large installations, the Cells, the house –women theme is omnipresent in all the works by Louise Bourgeois (Armstrong, 2006). In her works, which derive their meeting taste of incongruent elements coming from the surrealists, the bodies of women terminated in different houses types. In this work, the rigorously vertical canvas, the female figure that is without arms, carrying a grey building that has columns on its shoulders. The house grey rigidity contrasts with the bright pink color of the female body whose genitals that have been outlined resemble a flower. Louise Bourgeois also has a wood painted in white with black and blue 69.10 by 68.60 by 206.40 cm in size. In her early career, Louise Bourgeois did a lot of painting until 1947 when she began doing sculpture work, producing totemic figures from wood. These figures, which she referred to them as â€Å"personages†, are entities which enabled Louise Bourgeois to get rid of the homesickness which she experienced after living France and the members of her family. Louise Bourgeois considered sculpture as an interrelationship with what is around her and the pieces of works between themselves. Lacking bases, she designed her personages in such away that they were pushed into the ground just like totems. Her gallery constraints obliged her to include bases on them. Quarantania sculpture is made up of five figures, including all the totems that Louise Bourgeois displayed separately in the exhibition in 1949 at the Peridot Gallery. At the centre of the sculpture is the woman with packages with several shuttle-women surrounding it. The shuttle, which is one of the tools that were used by her parents as they worked in their workshop restoring Aubusson tapestries, is an emotional and formal element associated with the childhood of the artists. Insecurely balanced at that point which fixes it to its base, each of the female figure look like are supporting the other figures and